Learning and Good Manager Essay

Good managers are born, not made. Discuss this idea whilst exploring key characteristics of an effective manager. For a long time, many people have questioned whether a good manager is born naturally, or they can learn and train to become a good manager. For people who think that a good manager is born, they believe that an effective manager is born with some specific skills and characteristics that ordinary people do not have. â€Å"Charisma and trait are qualities which are generated from inside a person† (Junaid 2010). However, a stronger believes in nobody born with perfect competence. In fact, it is rarely to find people who just naturally good at anything. Achievement in life requires hard work, experience, and skills (Lash, J. 2007). Everyone can develop by learning and training to become better. They can change their attitude and acquire appropriate capability and attribute that required for a good manager. It is ambiguous in the aspect of good managers are born, not made, because there are many evidences and researches that explain how ordinary people can become a good manager. First and foremost, people who support the first reason that nature select a specific group of people to be a good manager by giving charisma and trait. According to Weber (1947) as cited by Raktabutr (2007), supernatural and particular forces grant charisma which is a precise quality of a personality to extraordinary person. Charisma and trait are the main factors that can make anyone become a well manager. For example, motivation is one of the key characteristic of an effective manager which is generate from inside, this type of characteristic is difficult to learn and understand. In such circumstance a proficient manager can considered as a leader, they have to know how to motivate other people in workplace. As Edward Deci (n. d. ) as cited by Llewellyn and Holt (n. d. ) write in why we do what we do: Understanding self-motivation. A place that feels connected, independent, and authorized is lead people to be self-motivated. Failure is a part of process that managers have to concede, because they have to encourage risk-taking and creativity. Effective managers have to build up the dynamic atmosphere in workplace to ensure that his co-worker and subordinate have passion to complete their task, and then it will make the outcome of their task effective and efficiency. Whereas, people who do not have this key distinctive, they can get in trouble when they have to motivate other people, because it is inconsistent to motivate to different people. Another key determinant that essential is self-confidence. Manager has to show his confidence to make his underling believe and respect to him, because manager cannot do everything they can only manage and assign task to his subordinate. While people who do not born with this ability, they can face the problem about how to act to other people to gain their trust and respect. These key characteristics are come from aptitude that manager can know immediately how to deal with problem. It could be said that other people who do not have charisma and trait cannot be a good manager, because these attributes ingrained with special people since they were born. There was an early psychological research, which were studied inborn characteristics or traits from successful leaders. The ascription is people can be a good manager if they could be found with these traits. Stogdill (1974) determine the following traits and skills as needful to manager, which consist of intelligence, conceptually skilled, imaginative, sagacious, management ability , convincing , interpersonal relations, adjustable to situations ,active to social environment ,commitment and achievement-orientated ,assertive ,cooperative , decided , trustworthy ,dominant, ardent, relentless, self-confident ,and repressive of stress. In the other hand, there are some evidences that explain how normal people who do not born with inherited specialties can learn and practice to become a good manager. Every person has to learn to acquire skills and cognition. â€Å"The most important skill for everyone is the ability to manipulate their learning† (Mcnamara, C. n. d. ). Everyone can gain a lot of benefit from learning, if they have high level of stimulus and self-directed reader. People can be a good manager by using Management development program, which is include both informal and formal method. For informal method, it can help everyone improve some key characteristics that requisite for a good manager by reading some articles, and discussing management with other people. Taking a course, seminar or workshop is another good opportunity for regular people to develop themselves to be a capable manager. There is an executive education program for manager has been provided by Harvard business school, the length of this course is around three months. This course accepts managers from all over the world. This full time course at Harvard business school offer precise learning experiences that allow managers to learn how to use vision to create effective management decision, and how to see organization as a whole picture. It is also cover all areas of management from accounting, finance, technology, operations, strategy, and marketing, international economy and organizational change. This program offers opportunity to participants to understand the key characteristics of a good manager. Almost 12,000 managers who have gone on to top leadership positions in some of the most well known companies in the world, after they graduated from this course. Therefore, it is clear that good manager can be made by training and learning, since there are plenty of ways to develop skills and characteristics by both formal and informal method. In conclusion, although, the people who born with unique skills and knowledge take advantage more than other people, normal people who want to be a good manager can expand their capability to acquire these requirements, if they have high commitment on their goal and work hard enough. Since nowadays, there are many courses and programs that provide for people to improve their abilities such as training class, which can determine and supply special skills that manager needs, and these type of programs are accepted by most organizations in the world. Thus, in my opinion, it is irrational that good manager is born. Every people can make themselves to become an effective manager, because everyone can define their own destiny.

Green Tourism Essay

Environmental concern is one of the major topics under discussion throughout the world due to its detrimental impact which is inevitable given the way in which resources are used and the environment polluted. Going green is a concept adopted by several businesses around the world. Some of these businesses are honestly concerned about the environment whereas others have adopted it as a marketing ploy to make profits. Thus, it is hard to say whether or not green tourism is a marketing ploy but if undertaken morally and ethically then it should not be the case (Kandari & Chandra, 2004). The tourism industry has been under scrutiny for damaging the environment. Hotels and resorts are being constructed in beautiful landscapes in order to attract customers. Moreover, they undertake green tourism marketing campaigns in order to justify themselves (Weeden, 2002). Is green tourism, then a marketing ploy? In order to answer this question we need to know what green tourism is and what impact it has on the environment (http://www. helium. com/items/1115642-green-marketing). What Is Green Tourism? Green tourism is all about the provision of environmentally friendly tourism services of all kinds ranging from leisure, business and recreational tourism services. Green tourism has also been termed as eco-tourism and sustainable tourism. Each of the terms revolves around the same cause i. e. low impact and environmentally friendly tourism. Green tourism is also being an environmentally friendly tourist itself for e. g. taking a leisure trip to a beautiful resort but also, in the processes, have the lowest impact on the environment where you are headed. Generally then; green tourism states that we should not only protect and preserve the place in which we live but also the places where we travel. Should Green Tourism Be Promoted? Whether or not green tourism is a marketing ploy or not is a question we will answer later but firstly we need to know whether or not green tourism should be promoted or not. The environmental impact of businesses around the world has now become a grave source of concern. As the world realized that most of the important natural resources are limited in supply, steps are being taken to help prevent environmental damage and to use the sacred natural resources in the most efficient and effective manner. The tourism industry has been at the center stage of the debate. Let us discuss the various impacts that tourism has on the environment and there effects. Tourism’s Impact on the Environment The environment has a certain limit to the number of visitors it can handle for e. g. rainforest is able to maintain the ecological balance with a few resorts and tourists but if the rainforest gets plagued with resorts, hotels and tourists, the ecological balance will be disturbed and threatened. Tourism has three major impacts on the environment i. e. the depletion of natural resources, pollution and physical impacts (Jones & Munday, 2007). Firstly, natural resources such as water for e. g. are overused by hotels and resorts. In fact tourists tend to use more water at a holiday then they do at home. Golf courses require immense amount of water and contribute to the depletion of water resources. Tourism also puts great stress on local energy, raw material and water resources for a country (Woodside, 2009). By far, land degradation is the most crucial impact of tourism on natural resources. Scenic landscapes and important resources such as minerals, wildlife etc are often destroyed through the construction of tourism facilities such as recreational centers, hotels and resorts. Secondly, tourism also contributes to pollution, especially in environments where pollution can cause much harm for e. g. wildlife reserves in Africa, rainforests in South America, beach resorts in Maldives etc. Pollution caused by tourism comes in the form of emissions, noise, sewerage, waste disposal and littering. Moreover, aesthetic pollution is also a major concern, mostly, tourism structures fail to integrate themselves within the natural landscape and result in the destruction of the scenic beauty. Lastly, tourism also contributes immensely to the physical destruction of the environment. An ecosystem is a structure of living organisms, their physical surroundings and the natural cycles that sustain them. Everything is in perfect harmony but this harmony is often disrupted through tourism. The construction of resorts and hotels calls for land paving, sand mining, terrain restructuring etc. this causes land erosion and loss of wildlife habitats and ecosystems themselves. Deforestation is another very destructive physical impact that tourism has on the environment (Yeoman & Beattie, 2006). Given the immense environmental impact of tourism it is imperative that action be taken to help resolve the problem. Financial assistance in the form of environmental aid, improved environmental management and planning, environmental awareness raising, protection and preservation and various regulatory measures are essential for environment sustainability (Grubler, 2006). One form of achieving all this is ‘green tourism’ in itself. In several European countries, green tourism is promoted and also sponsored by governments themselves. This reflects the fact that several governments are also promoting the marketing of green tourisms. The aim should be to target responsible citizens who would choose green organizations i. e. organizations that are environmentally friendly to purchase goods and services. The Ashdene House and Radisson SAS Hotel: Case Studies To get a better understanding about why organizations and businesses, whether small or large, engage in green tourism we will analyze two case studies from Europe, The Ashdene House, a five room guest house in the south of Edinburgh and the Radisson SAS Hotel in Glasgow, Scotland. Case 1: Ashdene House The Ashdene House is a five bedroom guest house on the south of Edinburgh. It was rewarded the Gold Award by the Green Tourism Business Scheme in 1998 for its dedication towards environmental sustenance. The guest house has worked towards energy and waste management in an eco-friendly manner. They considered the fact that less energy use will lead to less environmental damage and consequently reduction in global warming. Waste recycling is actively pursued with waste being sorted into cardboard, glass, plastic and food. Moreover, energy saving devices and appliances are used to ensure that minimum energy is wasted. Moreover, the guest house also encourages guests to be environmentally friendly by using public transport or walking to the Edinburgh center. To promote biodiversity of the local ecosystem, it has installed bird feeds and water equipment. The owners, Mr. and Mrs. Daulby are the masterminds behind this green initiative. They also use recycled material such as recycled toilet paper and consume organic products. The Daulby’s have made available an environmental pamphlet to keep the guests engaged in environmental protection. The pamphlet requests visitors to sort their rubbish in such a manner that recyclable material is put separately, the pamphlet encourages the use of public transport or walking instead of driving and lastly and most importantly it tells visitors that environmentally friendly activities must not only be engaged in when on holiday but also at home. Case 2: Radisson SAS Hotel The Radisson SAS Hotel in Glasgow takes the environment very seriously. In 2001, it announced a Responsible Business Program which emphasized upon reducing the negative impact of the business on the natural environment. The hotel opened up in Glasgow in 2002 with 247 guest bedrooms. The building design was built in such an architectural manner that it integrated well with the traditional and modern architecture of Glasgow city itself. Soon after inauguration, the hotel in 2003 was awarded the Gold Award for the Green Tourism Business Scheme. The hotel has been a lead player in environmental sustainability. Water, gas, electricity and waste are managed effectively and efficiently. The hotel is given a sustainability target based on resource usage by the head office and mostly it aims to exceed the expectations of the head office by conserving more energy and utilizing fewer resources. All the lighting, air conditioning and electrical appliances of the hotel are controlled through a computer unit. Whenever they are not in use the computer automatically shuts them off to save energy. The hotel also engages in the recycling of glass, paper and cardboard. A pamphlet in all hotel rooms enlightens guests regarding the Responsible Business Program undertaken by the hotel. The hotel markets its environmental efforts actively in Hotelier magazines, their website and various sponsored events. The hotel believes that the green initiative also gives the hotel an advantage, especially with German and Scandinavian visitors. They believe that companies which are certified with the ISO 14001 environmental standards would choose a ‘green’ hotel over one that did not pay attention to the environment. One thing to note here is that the ‘green’ initiative undertaken by Radisson SAS is not a marketing ploy but it is present throughout the organization, at all levels right down till the ground level. Green Tourism: A Marketing Ploy or Strategy? We understand that their can be two reasons for green tourism. Firstly, that an organization is sincerely concerned about the environment and has always been committed to go green or secondly, the organization is following the markets’ trends and faking the whole going green concept. This is also termed as ‘greenwashing’ where organizations advertise products as eco-friendly where in fact they are not. It is obvious that most of the company’s pursue the ‘go green’ concept for the profits that arise out of it. At times, companies have to point out the positive aspects of their products. We can say that this is intelligent marketing because given the economic recession and the global environmental crisis, and organizations will do what it takes to do, even if it is green tourism marketing, in order to keep minting money (Becken, 2005). Companies are in the business for making money; they will do whatever the customers want. The cases discussed above are examples of situations otherwise. Ashdene House and Radisson SAS were sincerely concerned with the environmental impact of their activities. So should be the case given the severe impact of tourism on the environment as discussed earlier. Companies are now in the race of green marketing, using fancy words such as all-organic, pure natural etc to allure customers. It is true that most of the companies are not actually going green but yet again, as the cases presented prove, there are some companies that are genuinely going green with no strings attached and they are sincerely concerned about the environment. Green tourism marketing has the same scenario; many hotels and resorts boast their environmental concern but have little or no prove to support their claims (Mowforth & Munt, 2008). Trade commissions and authorities around the world have made green marketing guidelines stricter so that companies don’t use it as a marketing gimmick. The issue of marketing myopia arises when organizations design products and services which are environmentally friendly, educate customers regarding the environmental efforts and the reasons for their marketing and lastly but most importantly ensure the credibility of the product claims and refrain from making false claims (d’Amore, 1993). Conclusion To conclude, we can say that green marketing or the marketing of products that are environmentally safe has been both a ploy for numerous companies whereas for others it is an honest effort to promote environmental awareness and minimize the impact of their operations on the environment. It is hard to tell whether or not a company is actually concerned about the environment or whether it has undertaken the effort to increase revenue and eventually profits. However, stricter rules and regulations and the important roles played by the International Standard Organization through their ISO 14000 certification are granting companies the environmentally friendly status. At the end of the day, even if a company is ISO 14000 certified, we will never find out whether it markets its certification for increased revenue or if it is actually proud of its success. References Becken S. (2005). The role of tourist icons for sustainable tourism, Journal of Vancation Marketing, Vol 11, 21 – 30. d’Amore L. J. (1993). A Code of Ethics and Guidelines for Socially and Environmentally Responsible Tourism, Journal of Travel Research, Vol 31, 64 – 66. Grubler A. , (2006). â€Å"Doing More with Less: Improving the Environment through Green Engineering,† Environment, Vol 48, 22–37. Helium/Jeff Parsons. Is going green a new marketing ploy? Retrieved March 24, 2010, from http://www. helium. com/items/1115642-green-marketing Jones C. and Munday M. (2007). Exploring the Environmental Consequences of Tourism: A Satellite Account Approach, Journal of Travel Research, Vol 46, 164 – 172. Kandari O. P, Chandra Ashish. (2004). Tourism, Biodiversity and Sustainable Development. 4th Edition. Gyan Publishing House. Mowforth M. , Munt Ian. (2008). Tourism and Sustainability. 3rd Edition Illustrated. Taylor & Francis. Weeden C. (2002). Ethical tourism: An opportunity for competitive advantage? , Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol 8, 141 – 153. Woodside Arch G.. (2009). Applying Systems Thinking to Sustainable Golf Tourism, Journal of Travel Research, vol 48, 205 – 215. Yeoman I. and McMahon-Beattie U. (2006). Understanding the impact of climate change on Scottish tourism, Journal of Vacation Marketing, Vol 12, 371 – 379.

Module one review parenting skills Essay

1. What are the different parenting styles used by families? Which do you think is better? Why? The first type of parenting styles is the authoritarian style where the parents have all authority and say so in every matter. The second type is the permissive style where the parents are extremely passive and give the children a lot of power. The third is the democratic style of parenting where the parent considers the thoughts and feelings of the children but ultimately they make the decision. The democratic style is my personal favorite because it makes they child feel like their opinion matters but does not give them the power to run all over their parent. 2. What makes a person ready for parenthood? When should an individual consider entering parenthood? Who should postpone parenthood? Should everyone become a parent eventually? Do you think some people should not become parents altogether. I think a person is ready for parenthood when they are financially stable, emotionally stable and have a good support system behind them to help them raise a child whether that means they are married or they have family. I think an individual should consider entering parenthood when they had all of the things previously stated meaning that they are ready and when they are 100% sure that they ready and that they are not being pressured into it. I think that young people, newlyweds, and people with any doubt at all should postpone parenthood. I do not think that everyone is meant to be a parent so not everyone should eventually become one, some people are better off not having children. I think there are people in this world who should never have chi ldren altogether because they are not capable of providing a safe and loving home for them.

How World War II Transformed the United States Society and Economy Essay

How World War II Transformed the United States Society and Economy - Essay Example The nation’s survival to one of the most dreadful events in world history made America a powerful nation ever to influence the rest of the world up to this day. WWII is indeed a defining moment for a nation suffering from the â€Å"agonies of the Great Depression† (Kennedy xi). After the Second World War, the U.S. became the standard of power and economic prosperity. Until now, many nations want to establish diplomatic relations with the country in order to keep that connection with the world’s most influential nation. How the U.S. transformed itself to gaining this coveted position is being traced to its significant participation in the Second World War. In the beginning, the U.S. did not want to compromise anything just to prove something to the world. The American government was seriously dealing with the dilemmas of the Great Depression (Kennedy xi) and its own national problems. There was no intention to engage in an all out battle against Germany, Japan, or Italy if not due to the attacks made by the Japanese Military on the US Naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Therefore, the country was provoked to defend itself because it had a valid reason to resort to such a courageous action. However, instead of plotting revenge against Japan, the U.S. wanted to begin with defeating the cause of the problem, which is the then Nazi-dominated Europe (â€Å"Wartime Strategy†). Uncle Sam was more worried in regard to the possibility of the German scientists inventing weapons of mass destruction than the possible attacks of the Japanese Military (â€Å"Wartime Strategy†). Hence, it was a decision the U.S. had to make for the sake of its future and people. World War II ended after six years leaving the world with trauma. However, this ending marked the start of a renewed America, perhaps the momentum of monumental change for the once isolationist nation. Americans have realized the value of life, probably for the reason that they have s een the vast impact of the war on their country. Women began to realize how they may help the society by being part of the country's workforce. This past event is one reason why the U.S is open minded in terms of sharing responsibilities between the male and female members of the household. Freedom is apparent because the Americans themselves recognize its importance by allowing the members of society to taking part in making their communities a better place to live. WWII has, therefore, changed the perception of the American Society regarding the equal roles of men and women. Thus, this change fueled the American society to becoming liberal in making crucial decisions that are necessary for their survival. Slavery in the United States was also one crucial part of its history. African Americans were then forced to become slaves to the White Americans, and were not given equal rights by the government. The ending of slavery was something that the African Americans had yearned many ye ars ago alongside with the ending of extreme discrimination. African American longed for freedom, which was later on granted by the American government at the onset of WWII. Many Blacks were given the chance to serve in the army, which had in some ways lifted their status in society during the Second World War. In addition, WWII had, in some ways, diminished racial inequality in a place that is inhabited by varying ethnicities, like America. Even if they suffered from discrimination after their return from the war, opportunities for the African-Americans increased as legislations, such as the 1965 Civil Rights Act, as well as the Fair Housing Act of 1968, were enacted (Frazier and Tettey-Fio 85). Eventually, the enforcement of these Legislations enhanced the economic status of the Blacks, which led to

21st Century Children Using or Abused By ICT Essay

21st Century Children Using or Abused By ICT - Essay Example Cultural Relativism too is against the interest of the child and both these theories would violate the UN convention on the Rights of the Child. Freedom to spam is against the ethics of the computers and the Marxist tradition recognizes the conflict and the paradox that ICT presents. Children today misuse the computer as an accessory, a weapon and as a target. The basic human rights to security and privacy have to be maintained and for this, the children have to be provided the necessary guidance. They need to understand the rights as well as the responsibilities connected with ICT. With the right amount of freedom and the right amount of restraint, ICT should be a blessing rather than a curse. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is changing the world; it has become infused in life and it brings many challenges with it. Apart from the moral and ethical impacts, these technological changes affect the society as well. Children are vulnerable and due to lack of proper guidance succumb to the distractions that this technology offers. ICT can and should be used for e-Learning, entertainment and communication but today the abuse far outweighs the use of this technology. As technology is integrated in life, the responsibility too increases. A critical assessment of the social impact of information system would help to understand the changes that could make the computer user-friendly for the children as well as protect them from harmful effects. To help the children derive the right benefits, firstly the system itself has to be protected. Children start using computers at the age of 4 or 5 and hence the physical terminal design needs to be remodeled. The configurations should be such that the keys are close enough for them to reach and at the same time does not pose a problem as the kids grow up. A certain level of optimality with regard to standards must be attained. As an added security measure, which

International Expansion of Burger King into France Case Study

International Expansion of Burger King into France - Case Study Example Among the different factors identified by this model, we have singled out three that have a particular impact on the success of Burger King. Further PESTLE information is available in Appendix 1. 1. The most critical is the socio-cultural factor. France is a country with a long culinary tradition. French people who consume fast food show preferences guided by considerations of health and nutritional variety (Steele). French ex-employees of foreign fast-food chains have identified such preferences and successfully set up their own fast-food restaurants better aligned to French tastes (Rosenberg). Burger King will therefore need to adapt its cultural approach by extending the menu range beyond the basic burger-soda combination to produce meals to appeal both to the customer who is interested in novelty and fashion and to the one who seeks reassurance from tried and trusted classics. In general, culture occupies an important place in French life and extends beyond eating habits. Literature, art, lifestyle, values and traditions are all watched over and influenced by various French institutions as well as the government. As a nation, France seeks to develop and export its culture: "promoting cultural influence has been national policy for centuries" (Morrison). As such, a certain cultural protectionism exists in the French domestic market. For this reason, standardisation of Burger King operations extended to France must also be tempered by intelligent adaptation to the cultural norms that are deeply rooted in the market (Briscoe). 2. The legal environment and a number of governmental components are also specific to France. While to some degree harmonised with European policy, laws are still largely based on the Napoleonic Code, which has certain significant differences to anglo-saxon law. The french government has also recently begun a national awareness campaign for fitness and healthy eating, typified by its promotional web site (www.mangerbouger.fr). While this has no legal weight, it is an indication of the french government's wish to influence eating habits and therefore food market offerings. This represents both a challenge and an opportunity to Burger King. For example, if the company can adapt its promotional material correctly, Burger King meals can be positioned as the "healthy fast-food alternative" (Rosenberg). 3. Economic factors including exchange rates and inflation will also be important considerations. Exchange rates are based on the euro, which is currently strong against the US dollar. Revenue flowing back to the parent company from Burger King in France will therefore be enhanced, but operating expenses will be higher as well. France has one of the highest numbers of public holidays in Europe and almost double the amount of paid vacation for a salaried employee compared to the US. The french working week was redefined some years ago by the government as 37 hours per week. Where possible, the response of companies in France was to become more efficient in their working practices. However for restaurants such as those of Burger King, the repercussion is on higher staffing expenses. Adaptation of restaurant operating procedures may be required. Competitors of Burger King such as McDonald's (Briscoe) and

Starbucks Business Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Starbucks Business Strategy - Case Study Example This research paper will be broadly divided into three sections which will be titled as background, analysis and conclusion. The objective of the research paper will be fulfilled in these three sections and along with that relevant conclusion will be also drawn. In the first segment, i.e. background the study seeks to highlight clear and detailed overview of pertinent information from the case and outside resources that describes the industry and the organizations and key players involved. The external sources that will be used are generally books, journal articles and authentic electronic sources. In the analysis section, the study seeks to scrutinize the course concepts and along with that identifies and discusses the main strategic issues facing the industry and organizations, such as external environment, internal situation, and strategic fit. Hence, in order to carry out this section, the study will be emphasizing on the external as well as the internal environment of the organi zation. In the last section of the study, the study would be highlighting the important points and will also describe about the ways the situation can be improved. Technically, Starbucks should fall in the beverage industry, but since they also market various other food products, they are adjudged to be a part of the restaurant industry. As the economy continues to improve, a significant wave of change is being moved through the restaurant industry. This has redefined how the companies have grown operated and managed risks. The robust technological development has been the key driver for this change and has provided companies with the opportunity to explore new business techniques. The impact of technology in the US restaurant industry has also been positive as it allowed them to be more efficient and enhance the overall productivity. The US restaurant industry has emerged as one of the major industries of

Seminar Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seminar - Assignment Example Performing traditional duties of kinghood and being a family man does not provide meaning to life because people are hard to manage and staying at home is unproductive. Ulysses believes that being a king seems useless when subordinates are generally unruly. He thinks that kinghood is senseless: â€Å"†¦I mete and dole/Unequal laws unto a savage race† (Tennyson lines 3-4). Kinghood is meaningless when kings cannot control the laws they pass since many people are affecting their decisions, and it is also meaningless because people generally want to do as they please, like savages. Moreover, Ulysses is discontent as a husband and as a father. He thinks it is boring to stay at home with an â€Å"aged wife† † (Tennyson line 3) and be a father to a son who already knows what to do as a king, even better than he can. He says with pride that Telemachus is â€Å"[m]ost blameless† (Tennyson line 39) and he can serve the people and even the â€Å"household godsà ¢â‚¬  well (Tennyson line 42). In other words, Ulysses does not find himself useful in his kingdom. Instead, he is sure that his destiny lies in his ocean adventures where he is free. In order to have a full life, Ulysses intends to be the King of his fate through freedom and traveling. He thinks that staying in Ithaca will make him grow older faster because his body barely moves and his mind deteriorates in seeing the same things. He says that to be a King is â€Å"[t]o rust unburnishd, not to shine in use!† (Tennyson line 23). Ulysses believes that living on land is the same as rusting, while sailing is to shine. In addition, sailing is the only way of life for Ulysses because he meets new people and gains new knowledge from different experiences, whether they are battles or mere social interactions across the world. He believes in the beauty of exploration and making international social connections: â€Å"Much have I seen and known;

Advanced Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Advanced Marketing - Essay Example McDonalds’ is an exemplary example of expertly exploiting the changing demands of the public and now includes healthy food with salads, fruits and energy drinks in its menu. This helps the organizations to effectively meet the needs of the individual segments of the masses and thereby develop more lasting relationship with its customers. Tesco extensively use the database to customize their service and win trust of their customers. The database of customer also promotes in identifying the products that have niche market position and thereby helps to promote brand creation to maintain its position. Levi’s, L’Oreal, Gucci etc. are major brands whose major strength is value positioning. It helps to gauge the flow of customers at different times of the day and helps in sales forecast. They can ensure inventory of products that are more in demand. Samsung extensively uses the customer database to manufacture its products as per the sales demand so that they can come up with new value added products without incurring loss on huge unsold

Environment, Resources, and Competition Report Essay - 1

Environment, Resources, and Competition Report - Essay Example The evolution of species, for instance of Golden Lion Tamarin, has been in such a way that their tails grow up to a certain length that gives them balance while moving through rainforest canopy (Hammond, 2010). Rain forests hold so much importance for life on earth that they are simply indispensable; they contribute almost 28% of the earth’s oxygen (Nishu, n.d.). They are warm and wet, and the majority of them are direct ‘beneficiaries’ of monsoon trough. They are spread across the tropic line, so a huge portion is in Africa and South America while the rest is in Asia. Some rainforests are called temperate forests, which are very few in comparison with the usual rainforests. Some examples of these forests are in North America, Ireland and Scotland. Of all biotic species, 40%-75% are indigenous to rainforests. Mammals, reptiles, birds and invertebrates are huge in their variations and almost innumerable in quantity (taking into account the insects). Chameleon, turt le and snakes are found in great numbers here because of the natural habitat that these forests provide. Rapid bacterial decay thwarts the buildup of humus. Due to the thickness of forests every tree that grows needs to growth taller and thicker than the others to reach the precious sunlight. Animals depend on the environment that rainforests provide. Birds and monkeys in particular that live on tall trees and provide useful nutrition and then the predators come to feed off other species, birds of prey would come to feed on other birds and rodents, while the muddy waters are heaven for reptiles like frogs, snakes, lizards and insects. What is really amazing is that high temperature (within limit and context) doesn’t necessarily mean absence of vegetation. For instance the deserts reach a maximum of 40 degree Celsius which is barren land, almost no vegetation while tropical rainforests are full of lush green leaves, however they too reach a temperature of above 30 degree Celsi us. What I think the reason is that there is a huge temperature difference between its maximum and minimum average temperatures while tropical rainforests don’t have that chasm in temperature difference. Deserts like Savanna and extreme cold climates such as of Tundra, both have very little or no precipitation, and that shows in their vegetation. Temperate grasslands get an average precipitation of 25-75 cm and the vegetation there is quite normal for human survival. Tropical rainforests get the most amount of precipitation 200-400 cm, couple this with the small temperature chasm and there is a huge land mass on earth that gives life to earth, provides oxygen, vegetation, animals, herbs/medicine and provides strongholds of land masses that don’t simply wash away into rivers because the roots of trees holds together the land. From the data, it is obvious that the prey is independent and the predators depend on them. As the prey’s number rises, so does the predato rs’. In fact the line graph of the predators looks like shadowing the prey’s. High numbers of predators invites them to a feeding frenzy and that reduces the number of prey. When there isn’t much food available for the predators, they start to decrease in number too. There is a gradual delay in response of the predator’s to the increase or decrease of the prey’s; there is a consistent buildup of prey and then it shoots up as there aren’

Terrorist organizations Essay Example for Free

Terrorist organizations Essay Most of the terrorist organizations that have hit the headlines have religious connotations mostly leaning towards Islam. The al Qaeda, Hamas and Hezbolla all tend to lean towards Islam although this does not mean that Islam condones terrorism. Some of these organizations also fuse their religious motivations to address political grievances. Islamic martyrdom has become prevalent to an extent that most people draw parallelism between the two. Perpetrators of suicide terrorism do so in the belief that it is a ticket to heaven. This is done in the spirit of Jihad which is the advocated method of spreading Islam to infidels. This however has been widely refuted by Muslims. This is despite the indications in the polls carried out in the Middle East showing huge support for suicide terrorism. Suicide terrorism for political reasons is widely discredited but majority support such attacks if they are seen to eradiate enemies of Islam. This would explain the reason why most terror organizations invoke religion in their activities in the bid to draw support from the masses as well as to justify their actions. Muslim scholars have put up a spirited fight however against this discreditation of Islam by linking it to terrorism. Particularly they note the existing differences between martyrdom and terrorism. Latest attacks on the United States and in London were discredited as mere terrorist’s acts with no link whatsoever to spreading Islam. Other suicide terrorists are driven by ethno-nationalistic motivations. This is an argument that has been forwarded mostly by scholars that dispute the role of religion in terrorism. As afore mentioned, these scholars see religion as a mere excuse and justification. One of the key factors that are being seen as driving to suicide terrorism is foreign occupation. According to studies conducted on the subject, â€Å"resentment of Islamic nationals against occupation by the foreign forces, particularly Russia and the United States is contributing to the overall motivation of terrorism. † (Clarke Newman, 2006, 241) An analyzed case in point is the occupation of Palestine by Israel. Numerous scholarly papers have been written on the motivation of suicide bombers in Palestine. One motivation that has been refuted is religion with majority believing that such attacks have no basis in religion. They can however be traced to Israeli’s occupation and its perceived psychological impact to Palestinians. The young suicide bombers are not in any way suicidal but have come to be indoctrinated into a culture that is open to suicide terrorism. Suicide terrorism is advocated for in Palestine as Tore B (2005, 8) notes, â€Å"in Palestinian society and culture, these actions have a completely different meaning; they are acts of self sacrifice. † Palestine has been singled out as one place where nationalism has been a real motivation of suicide terrorism. Israel has had a heavy presence in the west bank and Palestinians have decrying lack of political sovereignty. This occupation according to scholars â€Å"has caused general despair and frustration among the Palestinians† (Tore B 8). Youngsters are being brought up with the knowledge that the Israelis are the source of country the various problems that they experience today. Such indoctrination produces elements that are ready to die in the process of freeing their territory from the yokes of Israel occupation. Where military resistance did not seem to bear any fruits, Palestinians turned to suicide terrorism in the bid to shake the Israelis military powers and demoralize them at home. Islamic scholarly articles have particularly hailed this seeing it as the final resort to Palestinians; this is despite its Western condemnation. Whatever the motivations behind suicide terrorism maybe, it is important to note that its wide usage is driven by a logic which in this case is coercion. All terror activities in general are but attempts to compel the existing regime and authority to concede to the laid down demands. This is done by inflicting pain and causing suffering to such a regime’s interests. A close observation of suicide terrorism reveals that it targets those that stand dialectically opposite to the terrorist’s mission or their sympathizers. Such acts are not carried out in isolation rather they are carried out together with intensified agitation and use of propaganda. The intention is to cause panic and discredit the existing regime. It is important to note here that suicide terrorism is characterized by the fact that the attacker is the weaker element and cannot survive conventional combat. The general feeling is that the perpetrators have exhausted all the existing avenues to air their grievances. Violence however is not the end; the end is to compel the opposers to come around to their line of thinking. As has been mentioned, suicide terrorism is more gruesome and result go huge fatalities in comparison to other forms. The logic behind this is to instill fear and draw huge media attention. They target the civilians to cause a feeling of insecurity and loss of confidence in the government. Target on military bases or personnel are to indicate that they have the capability of striking the core of the states security system. The use of suicide terrorism also makes it easier for the terrorist organizations to link their cause to religious foundations by labeling the attackers as martyrs. It makes the objectives and motivations of the attack look more plausible in the publics’ eyes. The determination to a point of death can in itself arouse sympathy and paint a picture of hard conviction as â€Å"the element of suicide itself helps increase the credibility of future attacks, because it suggests that the attackers cannot be deterred. † (Russell et al, 2006, 5). It is apparent that from the 1990s, terrorism has been on the increase. Security agencies have been put on high alert and Special Forces have been formed to fend off terrorism. Terrorists have stepped up their acts and are matching this increased vigilance with ingenuity moves. Suicide terrorism began taking shape in the 1980s but is in the 1990s that it began to be extensively applied. Like other modes of terrorism it is driven by various motivations which vary from economics, religion and ethno- nationalism. It has become a preferred tactic due to its mystic nature that denotes a high level of determination and invincibility. References Oscar Vilarroya, Francesc Forn I. Argimon 2007. Social Brain Matters: Stances on the Neurobiology of Social Cognition. Rodopi. Robert A. Pape. August 2003. The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. The University of Chicago. American Political Science Review APSR. cls. Vol. 97, No. 3. Retrieved October 03, 2008 from http://www.danieldrezner.com/research/guest/Pape1.pdf

Independence in the tasks of daily living Essay Example for Free

Independence in the tasks of daily living Essay Outcome1-understand principles for supporting independence in the tasks of daily living-Individuals can benefit from being as indepenent as possible in the tasks of daily living as it depicts that people having the same level of choice, control and freedom in their daily lives as any other person. Each of the three main political parties expressed their approval of the Independent Living Strategy published in 2008, which sets out actions aimed at improving the choice and control disabled people have over the services they need to live their daily lives. The aims of the strategy are that: * disabled people (including older disabled people) who need support to go about their daily lives will have greater choice and control over how support is provided; and *disabled people (including older disabled people) will have greater access to housing, education, employment, leisure and transport opportunities and to participation in family and community life. In June 2010, the Government stated that it was looking at further ways of taking the Independent Living Strategy forward. Active participation promotes independence in the tasks of daily living as this gives the client the confidence and independence needed to complete tasks by themselves without the support of others. Daily living tasks may affect those depending on their culture or background, as what someone may have been brought up believing, may not necessarily be accepted as the general view of society within Great Britain in these current times. I would identify suitable opportunities for an individual to learn or practice skills for daily living by providing a wide range of activities. I would observe/monitor their skills to identify what they can/cant do, and also listen to them and ask any questions about what they would like to do. It is important to clarify the role and responsibilities for providing support in order to ensure that all codes of conduct, professional boundaries and legalities are upheld. Outcome 2-be able to establish what support is required for daily living tasks- Establish what support is required for daily living tasks In order to access information regarding an individuals support plan I would request this from my line manager using all organisational policies and procedures and adhering to all Acts of Parliament. In order to clarify with the individual and others the requirements for supporting an individuals independence in daily living tasks I would ask the individual concerned what they would, and how they would like to achieve independence, as well as following any care plans and discussing with others any information that the client may have passed onto them with regards to how they would like to achieve this. In order to access any additional guidance in order to resolve any difficulties or concerns about support for daily living tasks I would contact my line manager via telephone or in person, whilst accessing any care plans and referring the situation to my line manager if there had been any disputes between myself and the client. Outcome 3 – be able to provide support for planning and preparing meals- In order to support the client to plan meals that contribute to a healthy diet that reflect the individuals culture and preferences I would clarify with the individual any foods they can or cant eat depending on culture and medical conditions and what they prefer to eat, whilst following any current guidelines for healthy eating. I would actively support them in the preparation of the food by encouraging them to prepare it themselves following all health and safety policies and referring the client to any cook books etc. I would encourage the client to store food safely by discussing and referring  them to any food safety policies i.e. basic food hygiene, as well as actively supporting them in the initial storing of the food. Outcome 4- Be able to provide support for buying and using household and personal items- Different ways of buying household and personal items include using the internet and shopping in person. In order to identify household and personal items that are needed for the client I would discuss with, and if necessary supervise the client whilst they decided and tooks notes, depending on what they currently had in the house and therefore did or didnt need. In order to support clients to buy items in the way they preferred I would discuss with and accompany the client whilst either shopping on the internet or in person etc. In order to support the client to store and use items safely I would discuss with and refer them to any health and safety instructions that may come with or be noted on the products. Outcome 5- To be able to provide support for keeping the home clean and secure- I would support the individual to keep their home clean in a way that supports active participation and safety by observing and discussing with them any issues that they may have, then referring them to any policies issued to the general public or organisations, and actively supporting them whilst they implemented these policies. I would supervise and describe different security risks to the client, whilst encouraging them to take notes as to what these are and describing to them ways to implement any concerns that either myself or the client had, I would also advise my line manager as to what these risks are so that any actions could be securely documented. Some of these risks could include leaving doors and windows open or unlocked, or by allowing people into their home without asking for I.D etc. I would support the individual to use agreed security measures by referring  them to any leaflets or policies that had been issued either externally or internally by an agreed and secure source, and promoting active participation in the implementation of these security measures. Outcome 6- Be able to identify and respond to changes needed in support for daily living tasks- In order to record any changes in the individuals circumstances that might affect the type or level of support that is required I would discuss these with the client and my line manager whilst recording these in the individuals care plan. I would adapt support in agreed ways of working to address concerns, changes or increased independence by discussing with the client and my manager what these may be. I would also takes notes and implement any changes in the individuals care plan.

Human Comfort Approach In Green Building Design

Human Comfort Approach In Green Building Design Recently, there has been an increasing emphasis on a green building design approach, which is aimed at ameliorating the overall impact of the built environment on human comfort and the natural environment. In this selective review, external , building envelope and internal factors will be examined in relation to human comfort. In particular, this project will focus on human comfort in regard to the importance and impact for day lighting, visuals and environment, material properties, protection factors, ventilation, thermal comfort, and access their effectiveness in the context of green building design. With regard to human factors, it is concluded that the impact of these factors on building occupants needs to be taken into account in advance in order to design a building which enhances the human health and well-being and consequently leads to the increase of productivity. Introduction Green building design approach is one of the global response to the increasing realization that the built environment contributes significantly to climate change over the entire buildings lifecycle. Building accounts for more than 40 percent of carbon dioxide emissions (Hegger et al. 2008). Moreover, the steadily rising energy cost over the past few years help to facilitate the trend towards sustainability. Taking into account these factors, energy saving measures have become a requirement in these days. End-users search for sustainable building concept, with low management cost and energy usage, which provides structures made from building materials that are in accordance with ecological point of view. Aside from looking at energy and operating cost, they also take an increasing concern in work performance levels. Only when people healthy and satisfy they can optimize their productivity (Bauer et al. 2007:11). Seeing these factors by necessity, means offering both a comfortable and healthy environment which is essential as a strategy to attract the investors and buyers. Still, there is no doubt that the comfort and well-being of humans is based to a certain extent on their subjective perception of some external influences (Hegger et al. 2008:55). Sassi (2006:101) seems to support this view and points out that people respond differently to situations and environments depending on their character and circumstances. Hegger et al. (2006) claims that the factors which will affect human comfort are basically categorized under physical, intermediary and physiological conditions. The purpose of this project is to examine the physical conditions with regard to human comfort and to focus on the building envelope, external and internal influencing factors. The importance and the impact of these factors on human comfort will then be examined, with a focus on the effectiveness in the green building design approach. Since the concept of this approach is increasingly put into practice globally, it is felt that this examination will highlight areas which need to be taken into account and will be integrated into the design process. 1.0 A Definition of Human Comfort and Green Building Design Human Comfort Human comfort can be broadly defined as the building occupants expression of satisfaction with the thermal environment (Yudelson 2007). Some of the parameters that affect the users comfort are as follows: environmental conditions (interior air temperature, lighting intensity and level of noise), physiological criteria (age, gender and constitution), intermediary conditions (clothing and activity) and individuals (Hegger et al. 2008:55). There is a connection between physical and psychological health. They are the factors that are highly likely to influence the human sense of happiness (Martin 1997). In turn, ones happiness will impact on peoples expectations, experiences and sense of self-worth. Humans generally wish to be accepted, respected and to feel secured. Therefore, it is essential for an architect to understand how people respond to the environment in order to design spaces which can enhance human health and well-being. Styles and types of building material, responses to individual building, light quality and atmosphere are linked to culture and personal memories which in turn linked to individuals character (Sassi 2006). For instance, a small space may feel comfortable to certain people but claustrophobic to others. It is difficult to design a building which would be universally appealing that enhances everyones well-being. Nevertheless, certain commonalities can be identified in regard to comfort and identity. Buildings should be designed to satisfy and fortify positive feelings as well as enable people to enjoy quiet moments of reflection and relaxation (Sassi 2006:137). It plays an important role in increasing occupants productivity and health in buildings. The building design could influence the human body mechanism to exchange heat with the environment through convection, radiation and evaporation (Hegger et al. 2008:55). As Bordass (1995) has pointed out that the elements which affect human comfort should be able to be operated and adjusted by the occupants. In other words, reduce heat loss yet sustaining good air quality is a necessity in terms of thermal comfort in building design for cold weather. Green Building Design Green building is always name as ecological building, sustainable building, or energy-efficient building. Green building design is a concept which emphasize on passive design strategy by making full use of day lighting, natural ventilation and allowing the insulated fabric and thermal to work effectively (Woolley 2008:181). A green building focuses on reducing building impact on the environment and occupants health while increasing the efficiency of resource use through better planning, design, construction, management and maintenance (Green building index organization 2009). To quote from the Department of Standards Malaysia (2007), a green building design approach is an strategy which united architectural, engineering, site planning, and landscaping so as to design an energy efficient building which would optimize the human comfort This approach makes an effort to optimize the advantage of the environment and to use building materials which is acceptable from a building ecology point of view. 2.0 External Factors Relevant to Human Comfort in Green Building Design Architecture and open spaces can help to define peoples identity and to define their territory. A good architecture can create special reference to the locality, high design quality and interactions between building and its environment (Hegger et al. 2008:102). Recognition of the locality help to promote responsibility with respect to the environment and human beings. Designing with emphasize on natural day lighting and visuals should begin at the preliminary design stage. By proving these, it can help to conveys a feeling of safety, belonging and security. 2.1 Day Lighting Day lighting is a significant factor for pleasant interior conditions. Without sufficient day lighting, people cannot perform well and healthy. Natural light stimulates humans organism and controls bodys functionality. It is crucial for our visual perception and has a substantial influence on our work efficiency (Hegger et al. 2008:102). Building materials which are transparent or translucent are essential if we wish to make use of daylight. However, it transmits heat as well as light. This in turn means that with more daylight, it reduces the dependence on artificial lighting, and the internal heat loads are decreased as well (Thomas and Garnham 2007:135). Conventional and innovative day lighting systems that collect, transport and distribute light deep into buildings and systems that reduce the need for artificial lighting are recommended. For building plans, this implies a design that is no more than 66 feet wide, about 33 feet length of front to back from any window to any workstation (Yudelson 2007:80). In other words, a buildings long axis should be oriented to east-west in order to allow a maximum day lighting from both south and north facing windows. The day lighting conditions over the course of the day influence the human hormone balance and synchronize our internal clock (Ander 2003). Thus, day lighting strategies, for instance, the orientation of the building, the proportion of window, the depth of the rooms, glare and ultra-violet (UV) protection, the design of reflective surface and the coloring of the enclosing components (walls, floors and soffits) are all the important design features. Passive and technical measures can be taken into account during design. Sunlight acts as a link that connect the building occupants with the outside world, facilitating our essential connection with nature and giving us a sense of time. It is important to realize that the mood or the perception of a space created by light is just as vital (Thomas and Garnham 2007:136).. To put it simply, people see and feel better whenever there is natural light for reading and working. 2.2 Visuals and Environment In green building design, emphasis is placed on providing outdoor views from all workstations. The research shows that if the occupants able to enjoy the outside view during the workday, it is more conductive to physical and mental health than working in a windowless environment (Yudelson 2007). Trees can help to absorb carbon dioxide from the air and store it as carbon. It can also provide shade to buildings, reducing heat gains and thus, improving the internal environment. In other words, contact with nature is beneficial to the well-being of humans. The building should be planned and designed so as to be visually as well as physically well connected with the outdoors. When designing the external works, emphasis should be put on to create and preserve natural habitats by providing extensive lawns, keep the area is natural state, trees and hedges, green roofs, and green facades. In some cases which the area of plot is small, rooftop planting can replace ground sealed by construction work. Environment plays an important role in satisfying basic human needs and quality of life. It can help to reduce stress and also can speed up recovery. In addition, it can affect humans on a psychological and physical level by acting as a recuperative and stimulating factor for our creative functions. In densely developed cities, it is critical for human health to strike a balance between making space accessible to people and preserving flora and fauna. According to some studies, dealings with nature will affect humans mental health, whereas leisure activities in nature directly benefit to physical health (Sassi 2006). 3.0 The Influence of the Building Envelope on Human Comfort in Green Building Design Building envelope acts as a boundary that separates between interior and exterior of a building through which thermal energy is transferred (Hegger et al. 2008:82). It also serves the function of protecting users and occupants against climate change such as solar radiation, precipitation and wind so as to create safe, healthy and secure interior space. However, the role of building envelope becomes more complex as the demand for comfort increases. A building should enable people to feel safe and comfortable by reducing potential dangers. To increase human comfort, the well-being and health of occupants in aspects such as material properties, safety and security, sound, interior air, and interior climate must be taken into consideration during design stage. 3.1 Material Properties The choice of material for building envelope will affect human comfort in the building. The designers should take great care when specifying materials in regards of the impact these materials have upon humans feeling about spaces and buildings. Functionality that reflect regional climate as well as cultural preferences, local vegetation and high-technology material need to be incorporated in the design. Materials are always describe as cold or warm. Based on scientific basis, metal for example, are good conductors of heat and therefore take the heat quickly from the body. On the contrary, wood is a poor conductor and hence feels relatively warm to touch. These physical sensation correspond to psychological states, such as a timber paneled room would feel warmer and more comfortable to inhabit than a predominantly metal one (Thomas and Garnham 2007:89). Different kind of wall material, construction and thickness are likely to differ in the value of thermal conductivity. U-value is a measure of the fabric heat loss which take into accounts mechanism like conduction, radiation and convection of heat transfer. The same can be said that the lower the u-value, the better the insulation the lesser energy needed to maintain comfort, the lower the environmental impact. Insulated walls reduce energy cost and increase comfort with levels of minimal effort (Thomas and Garnham 2007:102). To achieve sustainability in building design, consideration should be given to low embodied energy, material manufactured that is on waste, easy to disassembly and used to recycle in the end of the building life span, transportation to the construction site and strategies or method that are often used in architectural practice. 3.2 Protection Factors on Occupants Well Being and Health Building should keep users safe and secure both within the building and its environment by protecting them from accidents, intruders, fire, and natural dangers. Accordingly, contributions to the subjective perception of safety and secure by providing a good layout, lighting, social controls, presence of other people and good visual links are necessary (Hegger et al. 2008:195). A designer can provide these features by considering the specification of material, fire protection concept, natural dangers, clarity and peoples activities during design stage. Creating pleasant acoustic conditions is also one of the important protection factors. Noise pollution and acoustic conditions will influence the well-being of people and can affect their health. Noise between usage units and plus disturbance such as noises from building services and unfavourable room acoustic should be avoid through precautionary building physics and room acoustic measures. Constructional sound insulation and room acoustic measures should be included in the room acoustics report as a guidance. Besides the above aspects, interior air and climate are also the fundamental elements to increase the well-being and health of the occupants. A poor interior air quality will cause some bodily symptoms and lower the productivity (Awbi 2008). Moreover, thermal comfort has a major influence on the human heat balance and direct effect on energy consumption of buildings. It should be optimized through constructional and passive measures. For example, it can be done through specifying the construction methods, thermal insulation, moisture control, coordination of window proportion, ventilation concept and also the protection against overheating by providing sun shading devices. 4.0 Internal Factors Which Support Human Comfort in Green Building Design The primary function of building is to provide a suitable internal environment for the purpose of the building. According to Boubekri (2008), the effects of poorly designed buildings, whether in terms of limited natural ventilation or poor thermal comfort, would affect the health of building occupants. In order to achieve an acceptable level of human comfort, the indoor environment for human implies a temperature between 16 to 25 degree Celsius. 4.1 VENTILATION Natural ventilation is another approach which will provide a healthy and comfortable internal environment by removing polluted indoor air and replace with the fresh air from outside through openings. It would be cosy if the air can be circulated naturally from the outside to the inside of the building (Hegger et al. 2008:101). People will have sensations such as the warmth of the unfiltered sunlight, smells and acoustic stimulus by direct contact with outside air. It can have a positive effect on the quality of the habitable room, in that, natural ventilation system are particularly user friendly from the emotional pint of view (Hegger et al. 2008:99). Thus, habitable rooms should always include opening the facade whenever possible. There are three main mechanisms in natural ventilation, for instance, single sided where air comes in from a window, cross ventilation where air crosses a space from one side to another which the effect of wind pressure causes the air to enter on the windward facade and pass through the building and lastly providing a stack effect exiting path, resulting from the temperature differences between the indoor and outdoor air, where the hot air rises and exits the opening near the roof or providing openings at the 2 sides of the wall. According to Department of Standards Malaysia in MS1525 (2007), cross ventilation is defined as the flow of air through a building due to a wind-generated pressure drop across it. These processes are natural and are provided by pressure gradients and temperature differentials which in turn create pressure differences (Thomas and Garnham 2007:116). They do not required large quantities of energy to run the powerful fans which used in mechanically ventilated buildings. Natural ventilation is the most energy efficient way of supplying essential fresh air to a building. When it is insufficient, then other cooling options may be possible. 4.2 THERMAL COMFORT According to Flynn and Segil (1970:80), human body functions as a heating and cooling mechanism. It can, to some extent, efficiently and automatically adjust to the environmental conditions that vary from optimum. Our body functions to lose heat at a certain rate to reasonably cooler air and surfaces. Nevertheless, if such action is either too slight or excessive, it will lead to occupant discomfort and physiological stress. Human heat balance, humans body temperature, needs to be around 37ÂÂÂ °C; this is a prerequisite for well-being. Humans emit heat through the following mechanisms: firstly by exhalation and through evaporation of skin, secondly by covection of heat from body surface to the surrounding air, thirdly by conduction of heat from the body to immediate objects and lastly by radiation of heat to the nearby objects and the surfaces enclosing the room (Hegger et al. 2008:55). On the other hand, heat transfer in building in three modes, which are conduction, convection, and radiation (Moe 2010:9). If the temperature of surrounding area drops, the body will first allow the extremities to cool in order to protect the functions of brain, heart and other vital organs (Hegger et al. 2008:55). It is essential to transfer the internal heat generated to the environment in order to get a constant temperature. If the temperature of the interior air is not consistant, the risk of accidents increases and manual dexterity, productivity and mental abilities decrease quickly. In regards of this, a thermally comfortable environment is primarily due to physical influencing factors such as the temperature of the interior air and the average temperature of the external air, the humidity of interior air and the movement of the air (Hegger et al. 2008:56). Building functions to admit and conserve heat when the external environment is cold and to thwart the penetration when the external environment is warm. Conclusion Human comfort is not only a strategy in green building design for the purpose of attracting the investors and buyers, but also an approach which determines occupants health and well-being. This paper has discussed the factors that contribute to human comfort and has briefly presented the importance and the influence of the factors towards peoples comfort in certain aspects of building design. These included the building envelope, interior and exterior factors which consist of day lighting, visuals and environment, material properties, protection factors, ventilation, and thermal comfort. The effectiveness of the approach towards users comfort has also been highlighted, particularly with regard to the human comfort and well-being lead to the increasing of productivity. In discussing the effectiveness of the approach, it has concluded that although the desired degree of comfort can be a highly subjective perception, some commonalities can be identified. This can assist in optimizing the design for a better human comfort. Green buildings always offer a high level of comfort and healthy indoor climate while depending on renewable energies and low energy embodied resources ( Bauer et al. 2007). It should be noted that human comfort is only one of the approach in green building design. Other approaches such as energy efficiency and renewable energy should be taken into account in design , however, are lied outside the parameters of this paper due to the limited scope and a more thorough research could be done in this area. This would be particular interest to the professionals who incorporate the environmental engineering studies in their design.

The Message of Courage in Schindlers List by Thomas Keneally Essay

The Message of Courage in Schindler's List by Thomas Keneally Throughout the novel of Schindler’s List, by Thomas Keneally, the message of courage is portrayed greatly. Keneally was a gentile man who wrote about how bad the Holocaust was, even-though he was not Jewish. He tells a story of how one man successfully saved thousands of Jews by letting them work for him. Keneally wrote about how helping someone pays off and by letting someone have a second chance which gives them a sense of hope in times of hardship. When Schindler was helping out Jews, Germany was taken over by Hitler’s Nazis. In times of hardship, some people stand up for the people in need and protect and help them. Oskar Schindler, a rich factory owner, risks his life and spends his personal fortune to save Jews listed as his workers during World War 2. Oskar Schindler risks everything to help the Jews escape the Holocaust. He is a German man and he should be against the Jews, in an idealistic way in Nazi Germany, but he is against the Third Reich. His heroism is deeply appreciated by the Jews as a whole for his works. He put people to work for him and the Nazis let those select Jews live. In one scene Schindler puts a man with one arm to work, because he surely would have been killed by the S.S officers due to his disability. The Nazis confront the handicapped man, and he tells them that he works for Mr. Schindler, shoveling snow. The Nazis leave him alone and tell Schindler that â€Å"there is a defected Jew working†(123) for him. Schindler tells them that he wants the man working for him. A few days later the Nazis come back to the man and ask how is job is going. They then detai n him and take him behind a building and shoot him. Schindler was a good man and he demonstrates this by giving people a helping hand. He tries to also bribe the Nazis in not killing any of his workers. â€Å"The S.S are corruptible as any police force.†(227) He wants to bribe them because he wants to keep all of his employees healthy and not dead. He stands up in a time of oppression and he shows how one person can have a major impact on a society. The style of Thomas Keneally is very descriptive and it’s in a point of view, where he is overlooking Oskar Schindler’s illustrious life. He tells each important event in step by step detail. He tells exactly what people look like and he tells how the army is com... ...dler’s List is to show how one man can stand up in a time of oppression and prevail. During the book Oskar comes to terms with reality and he figures out that he must help all of the Jews. He has to help Jews because his accountant is Jewish and he did not want to see him die because of his religion. He feels that nobody should be killed because of religion. So he decides to take as many Jews under his wing as possible. He puts them to work for him doing various things. He pays them and protects them from the Nazis. â€Å"I feel I need to help out in some way.†(193) He feels that since he helps out that he is doing good for a people. He has to be able to help out his workers. He feels that all people should be equal. He is absolutely right. What he had done was a beautiful thing. Basically, what I have seen is that Schindler was an amazing person. Nobody helped the Jews in World War 2, but Schindler did. It was a highly revered and heroic thing to do. I believe that the equality Schindler felt was truthfully amazing and he should go down in history as a savior. Schindler was a man who cared greatly about people. He was one of those men that felt that all men were created equal.

Orson Welles :: essays research papers

Orson Welles 	Orson Welles was an actor, producer, director, writer, and columnist who revolutionized the film industry by directing movies that depicted men and woman as real human beings. Throughout his writing career, Welles’ characters reflected his own personality and inspired others to write about human struggles, both good and bad. An innovative, dynamic individual, Welles spent his entire life experimenting with different mediums and bringing to the world his vision of man’s never ending struggle to conquer his own inner demons. Welles was a man whose life was one of paradox. His films reflected his inner conflicts and his attempt to assuage the two extremes of his own existence. 	"For thirty years people have been asking me how I reconcile X with Y! 		The truthful answer is that I don't. Everything about me is a 			contradiction and so is everything about everybody else. We are made 		out of oppositions; we live between two poles. There is a philistine and 		an aesthete in all of us, and a murderer and a saint. You don't reconcile 	the poles. You just recognize them." [To Kennety Tynan, 1967] 	Orson Welles is often referred to as a "Renaissance man", an individual who’s ambitious and concerned with revolutionizing multiple aspects of life. He was a prolific writer and talented actor who often appeared in his own productions. A gifted artist, Welles, coupled his abundant energy with an enthusiasm for life. He tried everything and was not afraid to take risks and to suffer the consequences of failures as well as the acclaims of success. 	While, some critics say that Welles could never top "Citizen Kane", such movies as "The Trial", "Touch of Evil", and "The Lady from Shanghai" are considered classics and monumental feats in cinema production. However, movies like "The Stranger", "Chimes at Midnights", and "Mr. Arkadin" were criticized as being "One-Man Band" shows where Welles glorified and engrandized himself. 	Welles’ films reflect his ambivalent vision of life. He organized the Mercury Theater as the result of a feud with the Federal Theater Project after its attempt to sensor his work. Welles refused to bow to their demands to make his pro-labor play, The Cradle Will Rock, less political. Throughout the rest of his life, he preferred ostracism to compromise and often endured ridicule and condemnation rather than give in to the demands of those in authority. 	Welles utilizes very distinctive images that are extravagant and dynamic to convey his unique prospective.

Religious Meaning Of The Birthright Story :: essays research papers

Religious Meaning of the Birthright Story Genesis Ch 25:27-34 As the boys grew up, Esau became a skillful hunter, a man who lived in the open; whereas Jacob was a simple man, who kept to his tents. Isaac preferred Esau, because he was fond of game; but Rebekah preferred Jacob. Once, when Jacob was cooking a stew, Esau came in from the open, famished. He said to Jacob, "Let me gulp down some of that red stuff; I'm starving." (That is why he was called Edom.) But Jacob replied, "First give me your birthright in exchange for it." "Look," Esau said, "I'm on the point of dying, what good will any birthright do me?" But Jacob insisted, "Swear to me first!" So he sold Jacob his birthright under oath. Jacob then gave him some bread and the lentil stew; and Esau cared little for his birthright. This Old Testament story holds significant meaning for all of us. There is the obvious conflict within the family of two brothers who are very different personality types, parents who show partiality toward each of their favorite sons and the way that God allows events to happen as He relates to each of the characters involved. Exploring both the surface story and the deeper implications it has as it relates to our own lives, we can hopefully derive some deeper meaning which God working through the author intends. On the surface, we see a story of rivalry that is typical even in modern times, yet we can also look to some valuable truths that are revealed about how God sees our personal motives and actions through the characters of Jacob and Esau. Gaining an understanding of the characters, their motives and the overall big picture of God's plan, we can better find some spiritual lessons of our own life. Jacob was the third link in God's plan of the patriarchs. In Gn 25:23, the Lord tells Jacob's mother, Rebekah, that she has twins. The Lord tells her that the younger one will overtake the second. The favoritism of the children shows weakness on the part of the parents that can contribute in a large part to the discord between Jacob and Esau. It is no surprise that when parents are in conflict, the entire peace of the family is in jeopardy. Jacob's name means "Grabber." Possibly this shows how he and Esau were in competition from the start. This seems appropriate for two brothers in a small family and their sibling rivalry is understandable in light of the benefits derived from being born first. Religious Meaning Of The Birthright Story :: essays research papers Religious Meaning of the Birthright Story Genesis Ch 25:27-34 As the boys grew up, Esau became a skillful hunter, a man who lived in the open; whereas Jacob was a simple man, who kept to his tents. Isaac preferred Esau, because he was fond of game; but Rebekah preferred Jacob. Once, when Jacob was cooking a stew, Esau came in from the open, famished. He said to Jacob, "Let me gulp down some of that red stuff; I'm starving." (That is why he was called Edom.) But Jacob replied, "First give me your birthright in exchange for it." "Look," Esau said, "I'm on the point of dying, what good will any birthright do me?" But Jacob insisted, "Swear to me first!" So he sold Jacob his birthright under oath. Jacob then gave him some bread and the lentil stew; and Esau cared little for his birthright. This Old Testament story holds significant meaning for all of us. There is the obvious conflict within the family of two brothers who are very different personality types, parents who show partiality toward each of their favorite sons and the way that God allows events to happen as He relates to each of the characters involved. Exploring both the surface story and the deeper implications it has as it relates to our own lives, we can hopefully derive some deeper meaning which God working through the author intends. On the surface, we see a story of rivalry that is typical even in modern times, yet we can also look to some valuable truths that are revealed about how God sees our personal motives and actions through the characters of Jacob and Esau. Gaining an understanding of the characters, their motives and the overall big picture of God's plan, we can better find some spiritual lessons of our own life. Jacob was the third link in God's plan of the patriarchs. In Gn 25:23, the Lord tells Jacob's mother, Rebekah, that she has twins. The Lord tells her that the younger one will overtake the second. The favoritism of the children shows weakness on the part of the parents that can contribute in a large part to the discord between Jacob and Esau. It is no surprise that when parents are in conflict, the entire peace of the family is in jeopardy. Jacob's name means "Grabber." Possibly this shows how he and Esau were in competition from the start. This seems appropriate for two brothers in a small family and their sibling rivalry is understandable in light of the benefits derived from being born first.

Food Safety Illness

Jeremiah went grocery shopping on a hot summer day. He bought food for an upcoming family BBQ; ground beef for hamburgers, a couple of steaks, and the ingredients for making potato salad.When he left the store, he put his groceries in the trunk and stopped by the sports outlet store to pick up a Frisbee and croquet set. It took about 10 minutes at the sports store, and then Jeremiah headed home to prepare the food. He was concerned that it had been too hot in the car, but everything was still cold when he got home.Jeremiah took the groceries home and put everything in the refrigerator. The meat fit well on the top shelf, right above the potato salad ingredients.Later on, he got the groceries out to prep everything for the BBQ. He cooked the potatoes and used a sharp knife to trim some excess fat off of the raw steaks. Then he cut up the rest of the vegetables for the potato salad with the sharp knife on a cutting board.Jeremiah formed the hamburger patties, seasoned the steaks, and f inished making the potato salad. With only about 45 minutes to go before leaving for the BBQ, Jeremiah left everything sitting out on the counter while he showered and got ready.When he arrived at the BBQ, he set the potato salad on the picnic table and went to grill the steaks and burgers. He cooked both to about medium doneness, meaning both were pink in the middle.Jeremiah enjoyed one of the steaks he prepared and gave one to his cousin. The other family members enjoyed the burgers and potato salad; in fact, Jeremiah didn’t have a chance to try the salad. A couple of days after the BBQ, Jeremiah learned that everyone at the BBQ, with exception of himself and his cousin, experienced a bout of flu-like symptoms the following day.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. Based on Scenario 1, what are the possible sources of food-borne illness? The possib le sources of food-borne illness could be cross-contamination from Jeremiah cutting off the fat from the steaks and cutting up the vegetables for the potato salad. If the same knife was used or if the same surface was even used to prepare both the meat and vegetables it could have contaminated the vegetables or the ground beef.2. Although Jeremiah did not get sick, there were several areas throughout Jeremiah’s day that could have led him to a serious case of food-borne illness. Point out these areas and briefly explain why they are of concern and what Jeremiah could have done differently. One time that a food-borne illness could have been obtained when Jeremiah put the groceries in the trunk of his car, typically the trunk of a car is the hottest part of a vehicle, so the groceries could have gone below the appropriate temperature to store it at.If Jeremiah would have been in the store more than twenty minutes, all depends on the temperature outside; it could have spoiled th e meat. Secondly, if Jeremiah bought mayo or any type of dressing for the potato salad it could have spoiled and therefore made the guest sick. Also Jeremiah never got to eat any of the potato salad so if it was cross contaminated than he would have not gotten sick.3. Why is it safe for steak to be pink in the middle, but potentially dangerous for a hamburger not to be cooked all the way through? It is safe for steak to be pink in the middle compared to the hamburger due to the hamburger being processed through a machine and being handled human beings  so therefore the meat can be contaminated more easily. With cooking the hamburger to being well done with no pink than it can kill some bacteria. For example some companies do not cleanse or clean their machines to cut down on the bacteria and any contamination that might have occurred.Scenario 2:After enjoying a delicious dinner of lasagna, Martha cleaned up the kitchen and left the covered tray of leftover lasagna on the counter t o cool. Since the lasagna was so dense and thick, it took about 4 hours for it to feel cool enough to go into the fridge for the night. The next day, Martha served leftover lasagna for lunch. She heated the lasagna thoroughly and it was finished.Within about 2–3 hours, everyone who ate the lasagna developed stomach cramps, fever, and nausea; most eventually started vomiting. The illness was pretty awful, but thankfully relatively short-lived.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. How could this illness have been prevented? The illness could have been prevented by having the lasagna uncovered while it was cooling so that condensation would have not built up on the cover. Then the water went into the lasagna, which was bacteria, and made the employees sick that ate it. The other thing that could have been done is had the lasagna put into the oven until it was thoroughly cooled.2. Based on the incubation period and symptoms of the illness, what is the most likely microorganism responsible for this illness? E-coli would be the most reasonable reason for the illness. Because Martha did not reheat the lasagna properly for the second time around the bacteria was never killed off. If she would have reheated the lasagna in the oven at the proper temperature the bacteria would have been killed off.3. Describe the temperature danger zone. It would have to cook at a certain temperature to cook all the bacteria and the microorganisms out of the lasagna. Harmful bacteria such as E-coli contaminate food without physical signs, smells or tastes. Temperatures hotter than 165 °F not just the outside but making sure the inside is also cooked correctly.4. How could Martha have sped up the cooling process of the lasagna? If she would have left the lasagna uncovered on the counter it would have cooled down a lot faster. As soon as it would have bec ame room temperature she could have covered it and put it in the refrigerator.5. If the leftover lasagna was thoroughly reheated, (which it was), how did it still lead to food-borne illness? When Martha put the lasagna into the microwave it wasn’t hot enough for the bacteria to be cooked out of the lasagna. If she would have reheated in the lasagna would in the stove instead all the bacteria would have been cooked out and no one would have gotten sick.Scenario 3:Sally was making marinated shish-kabobs to grill for dinner. She made a beautiful marinade and then cut up the raw chicken on a cutting board. She put the chunks of chicken in the marinade and let it sit on the counter for about 3 hours until it was time to cook.While the chicken was marinating, Sally prepared the vegetables. She cut them using the same cutting board and knife; she rinsed both off with warm water between cutting the chicken and the vegetables.Once the chicken had marinated, Sally put the chicken and v egetables on skewers to be grilled. She also started rice in the rice cooker to go with the shish-kabobs.As the shish-kabobs were grilling, Sally put the marinade in a serving dish for extra sauce to put over the rice.Several hours later, Sally and her family members all developed nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, headache, and abdominal pain.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. What could be the cause of Sally and her family members’ illness? Would be improper food preparation by leaving chicken out on the counter more than allotted time as it developed bacteria and salmonella. She also prepared vegetables on the cutting board without proper cleaning with hot water and soap. Also reusing the marinated sauce on the rice, she should have been cooked so all the bacteria could have been cook out.2. How could this illness have been prevented? This illn ess could have been prevented with proper cleaning of all preparation and utensils materials. With proper washing with soap and hot water it would not cross contaminate the chicken, vegetables and the marinate. The illness could have also been prevented if she would have properly stored the chicken in the kitchen to make sure that bacteria would have not been growing.

Digital Marketing Plan Essay

Introduction In the current age of advanced technology and media, where customers have access to broad marketing information any time, it is not easy for a business organization to grow and develop efficiently without implementing sound marketing strategies. Such strategies should mainly include digital marketing because of the broad use of computers and adoption of internet and other associate devices. With insignificant investment on web based marketing and creation of website, a large population of customers and new markets may be highly attracted by such marketing technique. The present paper major in providing a digital marketing plan for Bagel Nash Limited. The hospitality industry, is normally fast changing and dynamic sector. It constitutes to the leading sectors in the global economy, considering its turnover and transactions. As a result, hotel sector is highly sophisticated and competitive industry. As Bagel Nash has greatly grown and operating in many nations in the globe, it is now a must for Bagel Nash Ltd to adopt a digital marketing strategy to enable the company stay ahead of its competitors. Adoption of digital marketing strategy will also enable the company to attract and retain a large population of customers, market share, and maximize its profits in the today’s competitive environment whose customers have enough information regarding the market (Chaffey & Ellis-Chadwick 2012, p. 15). Digital marketing is one of the current fast cheap and growing solutions that enable companies to attract maximum  customers under no boundaries. If Bagel Nash adopts a digital marketing strategy, the company will find it easy to send messages to its potential customers, and as a result, this strategy will end up attracting many new customers (Ryan & Jones 2012, p. 56). The economy of the today’s world is actually demanding every business owner to look for the best marketing deals he or she can find. Usually, one can only find these deals on the internet. Digital marketing helps companies to maximize their exposure to consumers who are highly looking for the products and services of the companies. This aspect makes digital marketing more operative than any other form of advertising. Increasing the exposure of the company through adoption of digital marketing is highly portrayed by big firms especially McDonald’s (Parkin 2009, p. 67). Digital marketing will have numerous benefits for both Bagel Nash Ltd and its customers. However, on the other hand, adoption of digital marketing strategy has some drawbacks, which arose from the use of technology and internet marketing as well as its popularity of the target market. When using digital marketing Bagel Nash will not cut back its marketing budget in the current economy. Instead, this fast food organization will only focus on using its marketing budget efficiently by investing in digital marketing campaigns (Chaffey & Ellis-Chadwick 2012, p. 25). Actually, this is the appropriate time for Bagel Nash Corporation to review its marketing plans and bring digital marketing into its focus due to the rising costs of marketing using traditional Medias such as Magazines, which do not give the company a guarantee that it is actually targeting its potential customers. Situation analysis There are very view business organizations that operate without marketing in the current era of information communication and technology. If fortunately, a certain business is efficiently growing, this does not entail that the organization has captured all the entire market leaving no more growth opportunities. If an organization is already progressing, such an organization can perform much better by adopting a digital marketing strategy, thus enabling it to increase its market share (Chaffey 2000, p. 157). If an individual has a business in the modern marketplace, it will definitely be hard to run it with implementing a marketing strategy and not enough running a local newspaper advertisement to maximize the business  exposure (Bird & Bird 2007, p. 78). In addition, running an advertisement on a local TV station is currently useless because the most appropriate forms of marketing are those based on online marketing. In summary, before an organization starts getting the advantage of a large consumer base the organization should ensure that it attracts them to its website, and that is when the tools of online marketing come into action. There is need to present goods and services in a visually and clear appealing manner on the organization’s website. The website, will be the â€Å"store† of the company on the internet. The services and food substances offered by Bagel Nash will be convenient to access, having fair prices, and clearly defined delivery methods (Ginty, Vaccarello & Leake 2012, p. 134). The company should also add a blog to its website for the purpose of providing fresh content, innovations, and photos for customers to have a look. Adding a blog will also aid in satisfying the criteria of the search engine f or active renewal as well as use. Adding a blog to the company’s website also helps during replacement of the search engine (Chaffey 2008, p. 143). Other popular approaches that can be used to help Bagel Nash to market its website are social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, link building, Buzz, and other tactics of search engine optimization (Wind & Mahajan 2001, p. 89). The company can also market the website through the use of Google tools such as Google Local in order to maximize its online exposure. Despite the benefit of all these methods and tools, where an organization can promote its website using online marketing, organizations still have to deal with some issues that are related with digital marketing (Chaffey & Ellis-Chadwick 2012, p. 45). Online security issue is the key concern with customers who prefer online shopping and need some kind of security to be sure that the information they will be provide for their transaction cannot be accessed by other users or abuse in future. A company can resolve this matter of security by acquiring some verification certificates for online security and incorporating them on its website (Kaufman 2014, p. 90). Other concerns of online marketing include viral marketing, annoying banner ads that may discourage customers, placing much information about products and services on the home page that is unnecessary to the customers, and problems when searching for a product or service on the website (Payne, Frow & Cambridge University Press 2013, p. 79). Therefore, it is recommended that, before an  organization launches a digital marketing strategy, it should clearly understand whether the customer do online shopping frequently and whether they have skills of surfing the internet. As far as Bagel Nash is concerned, its target market is tourists and people who like fast foods and are always updated about the latest trends in fast food industry (Greenberg & Kates 2014, p. 115). Therefore, these people rely on internet to get new updates about hospitality services and do interactions most of their time on the internet. Objectives Achieving although challenging objectives are already set for the company to achieve in the next three years. Due to the current poor economic status that the company is operating in, achieving these objectives in the first year will be slow. The objective of the first year will be to build brand awareness to the market. Bagel Nash will aid in maximizing the awareness of its fast food products and services and their availability as well. We have already created the company’s page on Facebook, which has more than 1,000 customer â€Å"likes†. Theses â€Å"likes† are for people from different countries around the world. The company’s marketers will promote the website by using other main social networking sites, in-store advertisements, and emails. Optimization of search engine and updating process of the company’s data will be carried out more efficiently in order to ensure the website is always in front in searching results using different search eng ines. During the year, the company will also introduce secure online shopping which will aid in improving the company’s growth rate. The rate of growth of the company with increase from 6% of 2014 to 10% before the first year ends. In the following year Bagel Nash will be growing steady growth and will be among the leading search engines. In this year, the company will highly focus on introducing innovative technology and ensure that it uses the latest web technologies to enable attraction of new visitors. The growth rate in this year will be expected to increase by 7% because the company will open new branches in other countries. Bagel Nash will offer online selling to the countries it will be operating in (Ferrell 2014, p. 56). In the third year, the company will revive for the world’s economy, hopefully. The company will be able to capture a 25% market share. For British, aggressive marketing technique to maximize its market share. Online shopping  will be introduced to Britain countries in order to facilitate the company’s valuable customers as well as maximizing its market share. As a result, this will increase footfall-struggle attracting new customers (Dholakia 2002, p. 57). Strategy The following are the strategies that will be used to make the digital marketing plan more successful. Facebook lookalike audience- Using Facebook, lookalike audience will enable the company to reach new customers who will be interested in the services of the company because they are like the existing customers the company cares about. Using Custom Audiences, the company can decide to develop a similar audience that aims at targeting people who have similar characteristics with the Custom Audience list (Marich 2013, p. 76). For instance, if the company has over 5,000 contacts in its marketing database, the company can upload this contacts onto Facebook and enable targeting a demographic that is similar to the existing buyers. Email marketing- another strategy that will be used is email marketing. This fast food company will double the number of emails it sends per month. In case the company has compelling content of information that it would like to send to customers, it will be easy to inform all the subscribers that are in company’s email list via email communications. It is logical to argue that, email marketing is the leading digital channel used by many companies for ROI (Hemann 2013, p. 89). Bagel Nash will start strategizing highly on making email marketing a digital marketing strategy. Better blogging- most customers like referring to the content of a company’s blog as the â€Å"match a company should use to start the fire.† The marketers of Bagel Nash LTD will try to come up with a compelling content of the company’s blog. A compelling blog content always has a potential of ranking well in all search engines. 90% of blog accesses are new and therefore, this will act as a driver for the website traffic of the company. In addition, the blog will also be used to serve as a Twitter and Facebook post content and also as a puzzle for email marketing campaigns. By ensuring that the blog of the company has better content, its web traffic will rise as well as the content becoming more compelling. Digital PR- one can build contribution of the content through implementation of Digital PR strategy. Reaching out to several websites and sending them using a solid pitch, they  can end up writing an article of the company or try to feature the Company’s CEO on a blog post. The more people talk about the company and its services and Tweeting and chatting about the company, the more the company will be exposed in the upcoming years. Unique promotion- the marketers will brainstorm a very unique form of promotion that will attract more people and, as a result, this unique promotion will drive enormous publicity for the company in the next three years. The unique promotion of Bagel Nash will come up with user made jingle contest and photo upload promotion to entice its great buffs on social media networks to fully understand the services offered by the company in a clever way. In case this promotion will become successful, it will be ranked as one of the most popular promotions for the company in the next years. We expect that this digital marketers plan will hit if the above discussed strategies are implemented properly. In the list of the above discussed strategies are new while some have been being used for the past years. If these strategies will be incorporated properly, the company will have a perfect development and growth for the next three years using a digital marketing perspective. The strategies will highly contribute towards attraction of new customers and as a result increase sales and profit of the company. Tactics The most commonly used tactic by many companies is e-mail marketing. However, most studies conclude that even if e-mail marketing is broadly used digital marketing tactic because it is measurable and less costly, services offered by Bagel Nash Company need other tactics to coordinate with e-mail marketing. Discussed below are the tactics that will be used during the implementation of digital marketing plan. Social media- marketers tend to focus highly on social media and spend more money on it than other digital marketing tactics. This is due to the fact that this tactic is the most commonly used online activity in most countries. Just like any other tactic such as e-mail marketing, social has a higher capability of retaining customers and increase the company’s exposure. In addition, social media has low negative impact regarding rewarding existing customers (Greenberg & Kates 2014, p. 25). Referral marketing- referral marketing is the leading tactic in terms of acquiring customers and shaping conversions. Most people are aware of referral marketing and argue that it is among the efficient  tactics. Bagel Nash will use referral marketing to lead generation possibilities (Fenwick & Wertime 2013, p. 34). The tactic will enable the company to attract new customers as well as building stronger customer relationship. The marketers of Bagel Nash will enjoy one of the main advantages of this digital marketing tactic. Referral marketing will highly optimize the sales volume of the company, giving the company a qualified predictions that will increase its sales funnel (Vassos 2006, p. 95). Referral marketing will help the company’s marketers achieve a more qualified appearing from customers due to their satisfaction. Referral marketing is a very good tactic used in many organizations to attract and retain customers. It is a methodical customer cycle that is based on the strength of effect (Jones & Silverstein 2009, p. 58). Content marketing- according to most studies, content marketing is the second leading digital marketing strategy after social media when it comes to matters of spending. In addition, content marketing is ranked as the most effective tactic in the area of achieving marketing goals such as retention and awareness. Customers seek advice and information on fields they have interest. Therefore, Bagel Nash will put much effort to give its customers relevant information to enable it gain authority on its field by being a reliable and helpful resource (Ginty, Vaccarello, & Leake 2012, p. 145). According to economics such as Jeremy Chandler, content marketing portrays the company’s human side to people. The website developers will be encouraged to make use of personal voice and try by all means not to eliminate human voice on the company’s website (Lee & Ebrary 2001, p. 98). Customers tend to become more addicted to organizations that offer reliable content about their goods and services and incorporating content marketing into the digital marketing strategy will help in attracting and retaining a large population of customers (Bailey 2011, p. 67). In order to attract more customers and achieve the set goals, it will be necessary to combine all the above discussed tactics into the digital marketing plan. In additional, Bagel Nash should not at any time forget treating its customers with quality care. Action Successful implementation actions of digital marketing can bring significant advantages to an organization. Digital marketing will be the main effective means of achieving the goals and objectives of Bagel Nash LTD. The marketers  will ensure that they build up a reliable customer relationship as well as business contacts through the use of digital tools. These will not only be used to communicate with the customers but also to get their suggestions and comments. Secondly, it will be of great advantage to contact marketing research in order to enable the marketers use the appropriate platform for the digital marketing strategy. It is important to understand the target group of customers in order to choose the correct channel of reaching them (Wilson 2001, p. 123). Another action that will be put into practice is considering the benefits achieved through the use of different digital channels in order to choose the suitable one. Email marketing will be one of the most effective means of reaching the company’s target audience. The marketers will make use of this tool and design a quality content that can attract more customers. Controls- Bagel Nash is among the leading fast food restaurants in Britain and always focuses on the quality of food and services it offers to its customers. The staff members are all the time ready to improve the company’s marketing system and implement digital strategies. With the availability of both external and internal controls the marketing management will be able to upgrade the current marketing system and evaluate performance accordingly (Flores & Palgrave Connect (Online service) 2014, p. 67). The management of the company is always in a process of improving their food and services and always ready to hear the views of their customers (Thomas 2011, p. 90). The company already focuses on improving customer services and the introduction of the new digital marketing strategies will enable the company improve customer satisfaction and attract more customers. The marketing department will comprise of advertisement manager, advertisement analyst, promotion manager, promotion analyst, sales manager, and market research analyst. Implementation plan table Conclusion In conclusion, digital marketing is broadly being used by a large number of companies. In the current age of advanced technology and media, where customers have access to broad marketing information any time, it is not easy for a business organization to grow and develop efficiently without implementing sound marketing strategies. Implementing digital marketing strategy will highly contribute towards the growth and development of Bagel Nash Ltd. Bibliography Bailey, M 2011, Internet marketing: An hour a day, Indianapolis, Ind: Wiley Technology Publishing. Bird, D, & Bird, D 2007, Commonsense direct & digital marketing, London: Kogan Page. Chaffey, D 2000, Internet marketing: Strategy, implementation and practice, Harlow, Engl. [u.a.: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. 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